Art History 2 Section 1 Late Medieval Gwenith Bryon Griffith Quizlet

American biologist, naturalist, and writer

E. O. Wilson
Wilson in 2003
Born	Edward Osborne Wilson (1929-06-10)June ten, 1929 Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
Died	December 26, 2021(2021-12-26) (anile 92) Burlington, Massachusetts, U.Southward.
Didactics	University of Alabama (BS, MS) Harvard University (PhD)
Known for	Popularizing sociobiology Ballsy of evolution Character displacement Isle biogeography Biophilia hypothesis
Awards	See list Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1967) Leidy Award (1979) Pulitzer Prize (1979) Tyler Prize for Ecology Accomplishment (1984) Crafoord Prize (1990) Pulitzer Prize (1991) International Prize for Biology (1993) Carl Sagan Honour for Public Understanding of Science (1994) Kistler Prize (2000) Rex Faisal Prize (2000) Global Environmental Citizen Laurels (2001) Nierenberg Prize (2001) BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology (2010) International Cosmos Prize (2012) Kew International Medal (2014)[1]
Scientific career
Fields	Biology
Institutions	Harvard Academy Knuckles University
Thesis	A Monographic Revision of the Ant Genus Lasius(1955)
Doctoral counselor	Frank M. Carpenter
Doctoral students	Daniel Simberloff (1969) Donald J. Farish (1970) James D. Weinrich (1976) Marker W. Moffett (1987)
Influences	William Morton Wheeler[2]

Edward Osborne Wilson (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American biologist, naturalist, and writer. His specialty was myrmecology, the study of ants, on which he was called the world's leading expert,^{[3] [4]} and he was nicknamed Pismire Man.^{[5] [6] [7] [eight]}

Wilson has been called "the father of sociobiology" and "the father of biodiversity"^[ix] for his environmental advancement, and his secular-humanist and deist ideas pertaining to religious and ethical matters.^[ten] Among his contributions to ecological theory is the theory of island biogeography (adult in collaboration with the mathematical ecologist Robert MacArthur), which served as the foundation of the field of conservation area blueprint, also as the unified neutral theory of biodiversity of Stephen P. Hubbell.

Wilson was the Pellegrino University Research Professor Emeritus in Entomology for the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard Academy, a lecturer at Duke University,^[11] and a fellow of the Commission for Skeptical Inquiry. The Royal Swedish Academy, which awards the Nobel Prizes, awarded Wilson the Crafoord Prize, an award designed to cover areas not covered past Nobel Prizes. He was a humanist laureate of the International Academy of Humanism.^{[12] [thirteen]} He was a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction (for On Homo Nature in 1979, and The Ants in 1991) and a New York Times bestselling author for The Social Conquest of Earth,^[14] Letters to a Young Scientist,^{[14] [fifteen]} and The Pregnant of Human Existence.

Wilson was recognized as 1 of the nigh important scientists and influential people in the globe by publications such as Fourth dimension and the Encyclopædia Britannica.^{[sixteen] [17]} He received more than 150 prestigious awards and medals effectually the world, and was an honorary member of more 30 world renowned and prestigious organizations, academies, and institutions. Several animal species have been scientifically named in his honour, mostly ant species besides as one bird^[18] and one bat species.

Early life [edit]

Edward Osborne Wilson was built-in on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama, a single child to Inez Linnette Freeman and Edward Osborne Wilson.^[vi] Co-ordinate to his autobiography Naturalist, he grew up in various towns in the Southern U.s. including Mobile, Alabama, and Pensacola, Florida.^[19] From an early age, he was interested in natural history. His father was an alcoholic who eventually committed suicide. His parents allowed him to bring home blackness widow spiders and go on them on the porch.^[20] They divorced when he was seven.

In the aforementioned year that his parents divorced, Wilson blinded himself in one eye in a fishing accident. He suffered for hours, but he connected line-fishing.^[21] He did not complain considering he was anxious to stay outdoors. He did non seek medical treatment.^[21] Several months later, his right pupil clouded over with a cataract.^[21] He was admitted to Pensacola Hospital to have the lens removed.^[21] Wilson writes, in his autobiography, that the "surgery was a terrifying [19th] century ordeal".^[21] Wilson retained full sight in his left centre, with a vision of twenty/10.^[21] The 20/10 vision prompted him to focus on "little things": "I noticed butterflies and ants more than than other kids did, and took an involvement in them automatically."^[21]

Although he had lost his stereoscopic vision, he could however see fine impress and the hairs on the bodies of pocket-sized insects.^[21] His reduced power to observe mammals and birds led him to concentrate on insects.

At the age of 9, Wilson undertook his showtime expeditions at the Rock Creek Park in Washington, DC. He began to collect insects and he gained a passion for butterflies. He would capture them using nets made with brooms, coat hangers, and cheesecloth bags.^[21] Going on these expeditions led to Wilson's fascination with ants. He describes in his autobiography how one twenty-four hours he pulled the bawl of a rotting tree away and discovered citronella ants underneath.^[21] The worker ants he found were "brusk, fat, brilliant yellowish, and emitted a strong lemony odor".^[21] Wilson said the upshot left a "bright and lasting impression on [him]".^[21] He also earned the Eagle Scout award and served as Nature Director of his Boy Scout summertime camp. At age eighteen, intent on becoming an entomologist, he began past collecting flies, only the shortage of insect pins acquired by Globe War Ii caused him to switch to ants, which could be stored in vials. With the encouragement of Marion R. Smith, a myrmecologist from the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, Wilson began a survey of all the ants of Alabama. This study led him to study the outset colony of burn down ants in the U.S., near the port of Mobile.^[22] Wilson said he went to xv or 16 schools within 11 years of schooling.^[xx]

Education [edit]

Wilson was concerned that he might not be able to afford to get to a academy, and tried to enlist in the United States Army, intending to earn U.S. regime financial support for his pedagogy. He failed the Army medical examination due to his impaired eyesight,^[21] simply was able to afford to enroll in the University of Alabama after all, and earned his B.S. and M.Southward. degrees in biological science in that location in 1950. In 1951 Wilson transferred to Harvard University.^[21]

Appointed to the Harvard Social club of Fellows, he could travel on overseas expeditions, collecting emmet species of Cuba and Mexico and travel the South Pacific, including Commonwealth of australia, New Republic of guinea, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Sri Lanka. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. and married Irene Kelley.^[23]

Career [edit]

From 1956 until 1996, Wilson was office of the kinesthesia of Harvard. He began as an pismire taxonomist and worked on understanding their microevolution, how they adult into new species by escaping environmental disadvantages and moving into new habitats. He developed a theory of the "taxon cycle".^[23]

In collaboration with mathematician William H. Bossert, Wilson adult a classification of pheromones based on insect communication patterns.^[25] In the 1960s, he collaborated with mathematician and ecologist Robert MacArthur in developing the theory of species equilibrium. In the 1970s he and Daniel S. Simberloff tested this theory on tiny mangrove islets in the Florida Keys. They eradicated all insect species and observed the re-population by new species.^[26] Wilson and MacArthur's book The Theory of Island Biogeography became a standard environmental text.^[23]

In 1971, he published The Insect Societies, which argues that insect behavior and the beliefs of other animals are influenced by similar evolutionary pressures.^[27] In 1973, Wilson was appointed the curator of entomology at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology.^[28] In 1975, he published the book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis applying his theories of insect behavior to vertebrates, and in the last chapter, humans. He speculated that evolved and inherited tendencies were responsible for hierarchical social organization among humans. In 1978 he published On Human Nature, which dealt with the role of biology in the evolution of human culture and won a Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.^[23]

Wilson was named the Frank B. Baird, Jr., Professor of Science in 1976 and, after his retirement from Harvard in 1996, became the Pellegrino Academy Professor Emeritus.^[28]

In 1981 later on collaborating with Charles Lumsden, he published Genes, Mind and Culture, a theory of cistron-culture coevolution. In 1990 he published The Ants, co-written with Bert Hölldobler, his 2d Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.^[23]

In the 1990s, he published The Diversity of Life (1992), an autobiography: Naturalist (1994), and Consilience: The Unity of Noesis (1998) about the unity of the natural and social sciences.^[23]

Retirement and death [edit]

In 1996, Wilson officially retired from Harvard University, where he continued to hold the positions of Professor Emeritus and Honorary Curator in Entomology.^[29] He fully retired from Harvard in 2002 at age 73. Later stepping down, he published more than a dozen books, including a digital biology textbook for the iPad.^{[half dozen] [7]}

He founded the Due east.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation, which finances the PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award and is an "independent foundation" at the Nicholas School of the Environs, Knuckles University. Wilson became a special lecturer at Duke University as function of the agreement.^[thirty]

Wilson and his married woman, Irene, resided in Lexington, Massachusetts.^[23] He had a girl, Catherine.^[31] He was preceded in decease by his wife (on Baronial vii, 2021) and died in nearby Burlington on December 26, 2021, at the age of 92.^{[6] [vii]}

Work [edit]

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, 1975 [edit]

Wilson used sociobiology and evolutionary principles to explicate the behavior of social insects and so to sympathize the social behavior of other animals, including humans, thus establishing sociobiology equally a new scientific field.^[32] He argued that all animate being behavior, including that of humans, is the product of heredity, ecology stimuli, and past experiences, and that free volition is an illusion. He referred to the biological basis of behavior equally the "genetic leash".^{[33] : 127–128} The sociobiological view is that all animal social behavior is governed past epigenetic rules worked out past the laws of evolution. This theory and research proved to be seminal, controversial, and influential.^[34]

Wilson argued that the unit of selection is a gene, the bones element of heredity. The target of selection is normally the individual who carries an ensemble of genes of certain kinds. With regard to the use of kin selection in explaining the behavior of eusocial insects, the "new view that I'thou proposing is that it was group selection all along, an idea start roughly formulated past Darwin."^[35]

Sociobiological research was at the time particularly controversial with regard to its awarding to humans.^[36] The theory established a scientific argument for rejecting the common doctrine of tabula rasa, which holds that human beings are born without any innate mental content and that culture functions to increase human cognition and aid in survival and success.^[37]

Reception [edit]

Sociobiology was initially met with substantial criticism. Following its publication, Wilson was accused of racism, misogyny, and sympathy to eugenics.^[38] Several of Wilson's colleagues at Harvard,^[39] such as Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould, were strongly opposed to his work on sociobiology. Gould, Lewontin, and others from the Sociobiology Written report Group from the Boston area, associated with the organization Science for the People, wrote "Against 'Sociobiology'" in an open letter criticizing Wilson'due south "deterministic view of human being society and human activity".^[xl] Other public lectures, reading groups, and press releases were organized criticizing Wilson'southward work; in response, in March 1976 Wilson produced a discussion commodity entitled "Bookish Vigilantism and the Political Significance of Sociobiology" in BioScience.^{[41] [42]} Over thirty years afterwards, in a 2011 interview, Wilson said, "I believe Gould was a charlatan. I believe that he was ... seeking reputation and brownie as a scientist and writer, and he did information technology consistently by distorting what other scientists were saying and devising arguments based upon that baloney."^[43]

Philosopher Mary Midgley encountered Sociobiology in the process of writing Animal and Homo (1979)^[44] and significantly rewrote the book to offer a critique of Wilson'southward views. Midgley praised the book for the study of animal behavior, clarity, scholarship, and encyclopedic scope, but extensively critiqued Wilson for conceptual defoliation, scientism, and anthropomorphism of genetics.^[45]

Following the publication of Sociobiology, Wilson extensively corresponded with and supported J. Philippe Rushton, a controversial psychologist at the University of Western Ontario, who later headed the Pioneer Fund. After Wilson'southward death, historians of science Marker Borrello and David Sepkoski reassessed how Wilson'southward thinking on issues of race and evolution was influenced past Rushton.^{[46] [47]}

On Human Nature, 1978 [edit]

Wilson wrote in his 1978 book On Human Nature, "The evolutionary epic is probably the all-time myth we will always take."^[48] Wilson's fame prompted use of the morphed phrase epic of development.^[10] The book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1979.^[49]

The Ants, 1990 [edit]

Wilson, forth with Bert Hölldobler, carried out a systematic written report of ants and emmet behavior,^[50] culminating in the 1990 encyclopedic work The Ants. Considering much self-sacrificing behavior on the office of private ants can be explained on the basis of their genetic interests in the survival of the sisters, with whom they share 75% of their genes (though the bodily case is some species' queens mate with multiple males and therefore some workers in a colony would simply be 25% related), Wilson argued for a sociobiological explanation for all social beliefs on the model of the beliefs of the social insects.

Wilson said in reference to ants "Karl Marx was right, socialism works, it is just that he had the incorrect species".^[51] He asserted that individual ants and other eusocial species were able to accomplish higher Darwinian fitness putting the needs of the colony above their own needs as individuals because they lack reproductive independence: individual ants cannot reproduce without a queen, so they can just increment their fitness by working to heighten the fettle of the colony as a whole. Humans, even so, do possess reproductive independence, and and then private humans relish their maximum level of Darwinian fettle by looking after their ain survival and having their own offspring.^[52]

Consilience, 1998 [edit]

In his 1998 volume Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson discussed methods that have been used to unite the sciences, and might be able to unite the sciences with the humanities. He argued that knowledge is a unmarried, unified affair, not divided between science and humanistic inquiry.^[53] Wilson used the term "consilience" to draw the synthesis of knowledge from different specialized fields of man endeavor. He divers homo nature equally a collection of epigenetic rules, the genetic patterns of mental development. He argued that civilisation and rituals are products, not parts, of homo nature. He said art is not office of human nature, but our appreciation of art is. He suggested that concepts such as art appreciation, fear of snakes, or the incest taboo (Westermarck outcome) could be studied past scientific methods of the natural sciences and be role of interdisciplinary inquiry.

Spiritual and political behavior [edit]

Scientific humanism [edit]

Wilson coined the phrase scientific humanism every bit "the only worldview uniform with science's growing knowledge of the existent earth and the laws of nature".^[54] Wilson argued that information technology is best suited to improve the human condition. In 2003, he was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.^[55]

God and religion [edit]

On the question of God, Wilson described his position equally provisional deism ^[56] and explicitly denied the label of "atheist", preferring "agnostic".^[57] He explained his faith as a trajectory away from traditional behavior: "I drifted away from the church, non definitively agnostic or atheistic, just Baptist & Christian no more than."^[33] Wilson argued that belief in God and the rituals of organized religion are products of evolution.^[58] He argued that they should not be rejected or dismissed, merely further investigated past science to meliorate empathize their significance to human being nature. In his book The Creation, Wilson wrote that scientists ought to "offering the hand of friendship" to religious leaders and build an alliance with them, stating that "Science and religion are two of the nigh potent forces on World and they should come together to save the cosmos."^[59]

Wilson made an appeal to the religious community on the lecture excursion at Midland College, Texas, for case, and that "the entreatment received a 'massive reply'", that a covenant had been written and that a "partnership will work to a substantial degree as time goes on".^[60]

In a New Scientist interview published on January 21, 2015, however, Wilson said that "Religion 'is dragging us downward' and must be eliminated 'for the sake of man progress'", and "So I would say that for the sake of human progress, the best thing we could maybe do would be to diminish, to the point of eliminating, religious faiths."^[61]

Ecology [edit]

Wilson said that, if he could start his life over he would work in microbial ecology, when discussing the reinvigoration of his original fields of written report since the 1960s.^[62] He studied the mass extinctions of the 20th century and their human relationship to modernistic society, and in 1998 argued for an ecological arroyo at the Capitol:

Now when you lot cutting a forest, an aboriginal forest in item, you lot are not simply removing a lot of big copse and a few birds fluttering effectually in the canopy. You lot are drastically imperiling a vast array of species within a few square miles of you. The number of these species may go to tens of thousands. ... Many of them are nonetheless unknown to scientific discipline, and science has not even so discovered the key role undoubtedly played in the maintenance of that ecosystem, as in the case of fungi, microorganisms, and many of the insects.^[63]

From the belatedly 1970s Wilson was actively involved in the global conservation of biodiversity, contributing and promoting research. In 1984 he published Biophilia, a work that explored the evolutionary and psychological basis of humanity'south attraction to the natural environment. This work introduced the discussion biophilia which influenced the shaping of modern conservation ideals. In 1988 Wilson edited the BioDiversity volume, based on the proceedings of the first US national conference on the subject, which likewise introduced the term biodiversity into the linguistic communication. This work was very influential in creating the modernistic field of biodiversity studies.^[64] In 2011, Wilson led scientific expeditions to the Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique and the archipelagos of Vanuatu and New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. Wilson was part of the international conservation motility, as a consultant to Columbia University's Earth Institute, as a director of the American Museum of Natural History, Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy and the World Wildlife Fund.^[23]

Understanding the scale of the extinction crisis led him to advocate for forest protection,^[63] including the "Human action to Save America'due south Forests", first introduced in 1998, until 2008, but never passed.^[65] The Forests Now Annunciation calls for new markets-based mechanisms to protect tropical forests.^[66] Wilson once said destroying a rainforest for economic gain was like burning a Renaissance painting to cook a meal.^[31] In 2014, Wilson called for setting aside 50% of the earth'southward surface for other species to thrive in as the only possible strategy to solve the extinction crisis.^[67] Wilson's influence regarding ecology through popular science was covered past Alan G. Gross in The Scientific Sublime (2018).^[68]

Wilson was instrumental in launching the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)^[69] initiative with the goal of creating a global database to include data on the i.9 million species recognized past science. Currently, it includes information on practically all known species. This open and searchable digital repository for organism traits, measurements, interactions and other data has more than 300 international partners and countless scientists to provide global user access to noesis of life on Earth. For his function, Wilson discovered and described more 400 species of ants.^{[70] [71]}

Awards and honors [edit]

Wilson addresses the audience at the dedication of the Biophilia Middle named for him at Nokuse Plantation in Walton Canton, Florida.

Wilson's scientific and conservation honors include:

• Fellow member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected 1959^[72]
• Fellow member of the National Academy of Sciences, elected 1969^[73]
• U.S. National Medal of Science, 1977^[24]
• Leidy Accolade, 1979, from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia^[74]
• Pulitzer Prize for On Homo Nature, 1979^[75]
• Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, 1984^[24]
• ECI Prize, International Ecology Found, terrestrial environmental, 1987^[76]
• Honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at Uppsala University, Sweden, 1987^[77]
• Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award, 1988^[78]
• His books The Insect Societies and Sociobiology: The New Synthesis were honored with the Science Citation Classic award past the Establish for Scientific Information.^[79]
• Crafoord Prize, 1990, a prize awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences^[80]
• Pulitzer Prize for The Ants (with Bert Hölldobler), 1991^[81]
• International Prize for Biology, 1993^[24]
• Carl Sagan Accolade for Public Agreement of Scientific discipline, 1994^[82]
• The National Audubon Guild'due south Audubon Medal, 1995^[24]
• Time mag's 25 Most Influential People in America, 1995^[81]
• Certificate of Stardom, International Congresses of Entomology, Florence, Italy 1996^[83]
• Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Gild, 1998.^[84]
• American Humanist Association's 1999 Humanist of the Twelvemonth^[81]
• Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing nearly Science, 2000^[85]
• Nierenberg Prize, 2001^[24]
• Distinguished Hawkeye Sentry Award 2004^[86]
• Dauphin Island Sea Lab christened 1 of its enquiry vessel the R/Five East.O. Wilson.^[87]
• Linnean Tercentenary Silver Medal, 2006^[88]
• Addison Emery Verrill Medal from the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 2007^[89]
• TED Prize 2007^[ninety] given yearly to "award a maximum of iii individuals who accept shown that they tin, in some way, positively touch life on this planet."
• XIX Premi Internacional Catalunya 2007^[91]
• Fellow member of the World Knowledge Dialogue^[92] Honorary Lath, and Scientist in Residence for the 2008 symposium organized in Crans-Montana (Switzerland).
• Due east.O. Wilson Biophilia Center^[93] on Nokuse Plantation in Walton County, Florida 2009 video^[94]
• The Explorers Club Medal, 2009^[95]
• 2010 BBVA Frontiers of Noesis Accolade in the Ecology and Conservation Biology Category^[96]
• Thomas Jefferson Medal in Compages, 2010^[97]
• 2010 Heartland Prize for fiction for his first novel Anthill: A Novel ^[98]
• EarthSky Science Communicator of the Year, 2010^[99]
• International Cosmos Prize, 2012^[100]
• Kew International Medal (2014)^[1]
• Doctor of Science, honoris causa, from the American Museum of Natural History (2014)^[101]
• 2016 Harper Lee Award^{[102] [103]}
• Commemoration in the species' epithet of Myrmoderus eowilsoni (2018)^[104]
• Commemoration in the species' epithet of Miniopterus wilsoni (2020)^[105]

Chief works [edit]

• Brown, W. L.; Wilson, E. O. (1956). "Grapheme displacement". Systematic Zoology. 5 (2): 49–64. doi:10.2307/2411924. JSTOR 2411924. , coauthored with William Brown Jr.; paper honored in 1986 as a Scientific discipline Citation Classic, i.east., as one of the most oftentimes cited scientific papers of all time.^[106]
• The Theory of Isle Biogeography, 1967, Princeton Academy Printing (2001 reprint), ISBN 0-691-08836-5, with Robert H. MacArthur
• The Insect Societies, 1971, Harvard University Printing, ISBN 0-674-45490-1
• Sociobiology: The New Synthesis 1975, Harvard Academy Press, (Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition, 2000 ISBN 0-674-00089-7)
• On Human Nature, 1979, Harvard Academy Press, ISBN 0-674-01638-6, winner of the 1979 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
• Genes, Mind and Civilisation: The Coevolutionary Process, 1981, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-34475-8
• Promethean Fire: Reflections on the Origin of Mind, 1983, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-71445-8
• Biophilia, 1984, Harvard Academy Press, ISBN 0-674-07441-6
• Success and Dominance in Ecosystems: The Instance of the Social Insects, 1990, Inter-Research, ISSN 0932-2205
• The Ants, 1990, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-04075-9, Winner of the 1991 Pulitzer Prize, with Bert Hölldobler
• The Multifariousness of Life, 1992, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-21298-3, The Diversity of Life: Special Edition, ISBN 0-674-21299-ane
• The Biophilia Hypothesis, 1993, Shearwater Books, ISBN i-55963-148-ane, with Stephen R. Kellert
• Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration, 1994, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-48525-iv, with Bert Hölldobler
• Naturalist, 1994, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-288-seven
• In Search of Nature, 1996, Shearwater Books, ISBN one-55963-215-i, with Laura Simonds Southworth
• Consilience: The Unity of Cognition, 1998, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45077-seven
• The Future of Life, 2002, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45078-5
• Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus, 2003, Harvard Academy Printing, ISBN 0-674-00293-8
• The Creation: An Appeal to Relieve Life on Earth, September 2006, Due west. W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06217-v
• Nature Revealed: Selected Writings 1949–2006, ISBN 0-8018-8329-6
• The Superorganism: The Dazzler, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies, 2009, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06704-0, with Bert Hölldobler
• Anthill: A Novel, Apr 2010, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-07119-1
• Kingdom of Ants: Jose Celestino Mutis and the Dawn of Natural History in the New World, 2010, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, with José María Gómez Durán ISBN 0-8018-9785-8
• The Leafcutter Ants: Civilization by Instinct, 2011, W.W. Norton & Visitor, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-33868-3, with Bert Hölldobler
• The Social Conquest of Earth, 2012, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, ISBN 0-87140-363-iii
• Letters to a Young Scientist, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-385-4
• A Window on Eternity: A Biologist'south Walk Through Gorongosa National Park, 2014, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 1-4767-4741-5
• The Meaning of Human Existence, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-100-2
• One-half-Earth, 2016, Liveright, ISBN 978-one-63149-082-8
• The Origins of Creativity, 2017, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-318-8
• Genesis: The Deep Origin of Societies, 2019, Liveright; ISBN 1-63149-554-2
• Tales from the Emmet Earth, 2020, Liveright, ISBN 978-ane-63149-556-4^{[107] [108]}
• Naturalist: A Graphic Adaptation November ten, 2020, Island Press; ISBN 978-i-61091-958-half dozen ^[109]

Edited works [edit]

• From So Elementary a Beginning: Darwin's Four Swell Books, edited with introductions by Edward O. Wilson (2005, W. W. Norton) ISBN 0-393-06134-5

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Ethiopia's Prof. Sebsebe Demissew awarded prestigious Kew International Medal – Kew". www.kew.org. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
2. ^ Lenfield, Spencer (June xvi, 2011). "Ants through the Ages". Harvard Magazine. Wheeler's piece of work strongly influenced the teenage Wilson, who recalls, "When I was 16 and decided I wanted to get a myrmecologist, I memorized his book."
3. ^ "A conversation with the world'south leading practiced on ants, Dr. Eastward. O. Wilson". World Wild fauna Fund . Retrieved December 27, 2020.
4. ^ "Lord of the Ants". VICE. 2009. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
5. ^ "Edward O. Wilson, biologist known every bit 'pismire man,' dead at 92". ABC News. Associated Printing. December 27, 2021.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Zimmer, Carl (December 27, 2021). "Eastward.O. Wilson, a pioneer of evolutionary biology, dies at 92". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Telegraph Obituaries (December 27, 2021). "E O Wilson, biologist whose piece of work on ants led him to cracking discoveries about the whole living environment – obituary". The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved February 8, 2022.
8. ^ Georgina Ferry (Jan 6, 2022). "Edward O Wilson obituary: United states of america biologist and champion of biodiversity who specialised in the study of ants and was regarded every bit a modern-twenty-four hours Charles Darwin". The Guardian . Retrieved February eight, 2022.
9. ^ Becker, Michael (Apr 9, 2009). "MSU presents Presidential Medal to famed scientist Edward O. Wilson". MSU News . Retrieved May 9, 2014.
10. ^ ^{a b} Novacek, Michael J. (2001). "Lifetime achievement: E.O. Wilson". CNN. Archived from the original on October fourteen, 2006. Retrieved Nov viii, 2006.
11. ^ "East.O. Wilson advocates biodiversity preservation". Knuckles Chronicle. February 12, 2014. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
12. ^ "Natural Connections > Edward Wilson Bio". Archived from the original on October two, 2008. Retrieved December vi, 2015.
13. ^ "E. O. Wilson biography". AlabamaLiteraryMap.org. Archived from the original on Dec 8, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
14. ^ ^{a b} Cowles, Gregory. "Impress & E-Books". The New York Times.
15. ^ Hoffman, Jascha (March 25, 2013). "Advice to Researchers and Reanimating Dead Mice". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
16. ^ "King Faisal Prize". Retrieved December 27, 2020.
17. ^ Inc, Encyclopaedia Britannica (October one, 2008). Britannica Guide to 100 Most Influential Scientists: The Most Of import Scientists from Ancient Greece to the Nowadays Day. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. ISBN978-ane-59339-846-0.
18. ^ "New antbird named after E.O. Wilson -- BirdWatchingDaily". BirdWatching . Retrieved December 27, 2020.
19. ^ Wilson, Edward O. (2006). Naturalist. Washington, D.C. p. 52. ISBN1-59726-088-6. OCLC 69669557.
20. ^ ^{a b} Olsen, Erik; Gorman, James; Stein, Robin (December 27, 2021). "Video: The Last Word: Eastward.O. Wilson". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
21. ^ ^{a b c d due east f 1000 h i j k l k due north} Wilson, Edward O. (2006). Naturalist. Washington, D.C.: Island Press [for] Shearwater Books. ISBN1-59726-088-half dozen. OCLC 69669557.
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External links [edit]

• Curriculum vitae
• E.O. Wilson Foundation
• Dawkins, Richard (May 24, 2012). "The Descent of Edward Wilson". Prospect. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Review of The Social Conquest of Earth
• Appearances on C-Span
• E. O. Wilson at TED
• E.O. Wilson Biophilia Center
• Works past or about Eastward. O. Wilson at Internet Archive

hopsonthue1969.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilson

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